ABSTRACT
Background: Congenital heart disease is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in the paediatric population of both the developing and developed countries. Variability in incidence and prevalence of CHD from various countries of Indian subcontinent and rest of the world could be because of genetic, cultural, and environmental factors. The objective of the study was to find the prevalence and pattern of CHD in a tertiary care hospital in Kashmir (Jammu and Kashmir).Methods: All children admitted at territary care hospital with age 0-15 years were screened for congenital heart disease. The study was conducted for period of one year to ascertain the prevalence and spectrum of CHDs.Results: A total of 232 patients out of 23000, were found having CHDs measuring a prevalence of 10.5/1000. About 170 (73%) were the acyanotics, and 62 (27%) were cyanotic heart patients. Among the acyanotic heart diseases ventricular septal defect was the most frequent lesion seen in 54 (23%), followed by patent ductus arteriosus in 50 (22%) children. Among the cyanotic heart diseases tetralogy of Fallot was the most frequent cyanotic heart disease seen in 15 (6.4%) patients.Conclusions: Authors observed high prevalence of CHD in our population. The pattern and spectrum of CHD were comparable to national and international data.
ABSTRACT
Patterns and prevalence of Paediatric PAH have not been characterized in our local population. Aims & Objectives: To study the clinico-echocardiographic profile of children diagnosed as pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Methods: The study was a prospective non-randomized study conducted .The study group included all the children in the age group of 0-15 years who were diagnosed as pulmonary arterial hypertension on Transthoracic Doppler Echocardiography. Detailed history, examination besides other investigations including Chest X ray, complete blood counts, ABG analysis, ECG, screening for connective tissue disorders and HIV, PBF, LFT, KFT were done as per standard guidelines. Results: The total number of admissions during the study period were 22150.Total number of PAH cases were 40. PAH case represented 0.18% of the total admissions. Mean age at the time of diagnosis was 7.3 months, 23 (57.5%) of the PAH patients were females whereas 17 (42.5%) were males. The most common clinical features were irritability (82.5%), tachypnea (75%), cyanosis (70%) followed by poor feeding (65%), features of right heart failure (35%) and syncope (5%). Idiopathic PAH constituted 42.5% of the study group, whereas 50% of the PAH cases were associated with CHD. 7.5% cases were diagnosed as PPHN. The mean systolic Pulmonary Artery Pressure in the study group was 63.17 mmHg. Most of the cases had severe PAH (65%), whereas moderate and mild PAH cases were 25% and 10% respectively. Conclusion: In view of relatively higher incidence of idiopathic PAH observed in this study in children of Kashmir, further studies are needed to identify the role of possible genetic and familial factors.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Outcome of paediatric PAH has not beenstudied in our population. Current study aimed to see theoutcome of children over a study period of one year who werediagnosed as pulmonary arterial hypertension.Material and Methods: Study was done on all children0-15 years age diagnosed with PAH on TransthoracicEchocardiography with systolic pulmonary artery pressure(sPAP) of >35 mmHg. Only Group 1 PAH (WHO) wereincluded and were followed for 1 year. Various clinical andechocardiographic variables affecting outcome were noted.Results: Total number of PAH cases were 40. Mean ageat the time of diagnosis was 7.3 months. 23 (57.5%) of thePAH patients were females whereas 17 (42.5%) were males.Idiopathic PAH constituted 42.5% of the study group, whereas50% of the PAH cases were associated with CHD. 7.5% caseswere diagnosed as PPHN Out of the total of 40 cases studied10 patients died representing 25% mortality over 1 year.Conclusion: Paediatric PAH is associated with high mortalityin our population.Those having Right heart failure and RightVentricular Dysfunction need close follow up.
ABSTRACT
Present study was aimed to screening the population of 25 wheat genotypes from Baluchistan region of Pakistan along with five commercial cultivars for leaf rust adult plant resistance (APR) through gene postulation using natural inoculation of Puccinia triticina Erikss local pathotype. Infection severity was recorded on scale in comparison with susceptible control "Morroco" cultivar. On the basis of phenotypic score, seven accessions and four varieties (Zardana-89, Sariab-92, Zarlashta-99 and Raskoh-05) with AUDPC values up to 20% were characterized as resistant genotypes. Coefficient of infection (CI) score ranged from 0-10 for some accessions and cultivars showing high level of adult plant resistance. Furthermore, bi-allelic STS marker csLV34 having close linkage with Lr34 (0.4cM). This marker amplified one gene specific allele of 150bp in 21 genotypes, including 19 accessions and two commercial varieties (Sariab-92 and Zarghoon-79) which confirmed presence of Lr34 gene conferring adult plant resistance against leaf rust. The rust pathogenicity scale varied for accessions from resistant to moderately susceptible. However, beside Lr34, phenotypic gene postulation, in combination with marker assisted selection for leaf rust resistance, has revealed presence of some other unknown resistance genes in local wheat germplasm which signified its use in wheat improvement programs both locally and abroad.
O presente estudo teve como objetivo a triagem da população de 25 genótipos de trigo do Baluchistão, região do Paquistão, juntamente com cinco cultivares comerciais para o estudo da resistência à ferrugem da folha em plantas adultas (leaf rust adult plant resistance, APR, em inglês) através da postulação gênica usando a inoculação natural do patótipo local da Puccinia triticina Erikks. A gravidade da infecção foi registrada na escala em comparação ao cultivar de controle suscetível "Morroco". Com base na pontuação fenotípica, sete acessões e quatro variedades (Zardana-89, Sariab-92, Zarlashta-99 and Raskoh-05) com valores de AUDPC (area under the disease progress curve, em inglês) até 20% foram caracterizados como genótipos resistentes. A pontuação do coeficiente de infecção (CI) variou no intervalo de 0-10 para algumas acessões e cultivares evidenciando uma elevada resistência nas plantas adultas. Além disso, o STS marker para o csLV34 bi-alélico demonstrou uma ligação estreita com o Lr34 (0.4cM). Este marcador amplificou um alelo específico do gene do 150bp em 21 genótipos, incluindo 19 acessões e duas variedades comerciais (Sariab-92 and Zarghoon-79) o que confirmou a presença do gene Lr34 conferindo resistência às plantas adultas contra a ferrugem da folha. A escala de patogenicidade da ferrugem para as acessões de resistente a moderadamente suscetível. Contudo, além do Lr34, a postulação gênica fenotípica, em combinação com a seleção auxiliada (ou assistida) por marcadores para a resistência da ferrugem da folha, revelou a presença de outros genes resistentes desconhecidos no germoplasma do trigo local o que justifica a sua utilização em programas de melhoramento do trigo tanto a nível local quanto a nível internacional.